No significant changes in other biochemical parameters were detected between the two groups. ![]() Serum serotonin levels were significantly increased after vitamin D supplementation compared to baseline in both male and female patients. Among males, only those diagnosed with severe depression showed significant improvement in their BDI scores ( pā<ā0.05). Females with moderate, severe, and extreme depression had significantly lower BDI scores after vitamin D treatment ( pā<ā0.05). The results showed significant gender differences female patients showed the most improvement in their depressive symptoms after 3-month vitamin D supplementation. Immunoassays were utilized to determine levels of serum vitamin D 3 and serotonin in all patients. ![]() The Beck depression inventory (BDI) scale was used to assess the severity of MDD symptoms. To investigate the therapeutic role of vitamin D in MDD, we recruited 62 male and female patients diagnosed with MDD and randomized them into two groups: the first group (49 patients) received vitamin D supplementation as cholecalciferol vitamin D 3 (50,000 I.U.) for 3 months, in addition to standard of care (SOC) which included pharmacological treatment and psychological support, and the second group (13 patients) received only SOC without vitamin D supplementation for 3 months. ![]() ![]() Low vitamin D (25-OH D) levels have been hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD. Major depressive disorder is a serious neuropsychiatric disease that leads to significant impairment in social functioning and increased morbidity and mortality.
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